With the development of new businesses such as 4K HD video, smart home and Internet of Things, users of fixed network need better broadband. Therefore, GRENTECH develops ONU. When ONU is applied in the said plan, long-distance signal transmission through optical fiber (20-60KM) and kilomega/MB to households is realized. Thus, “Three-In-One” solution
focusing transmission of different signals through one optical fiber (such as network, POTS, IPTV and WIFI) is eventually achieved
Topology:
 

Application scenarios: FTTH, FTTB

 

It is always difficult to cover quality signals in the tea house, coffee house, small hotel, small store, business office, home, small enterprise and the like where business requirement is high and where it is hard to build a station in a conventional manner.
Plan 1: Small base station solution
 
Plan 2: Smartphone Companion Solution
 
Application scenario:
     
    

College campus is a place where mobile communication business highly occurs. College students often have a permanent timetable, and there is always some rule to follow in terms of telephone traffic in different time periods. Therefore, provide a plan appropriately for the teaching area to share the source of the living quarter according to the business volume.
Solution: Source RRU+ optical fiber distribution system+ beautifying antenna
 

Large sports (exhibition) venues cover a great area, where it is easy to form weak signal zone and blind zone. Large venues are always popular local landmark building in the city where there is diverse needs for mobile business, so priority is given to them.
Plan 1: Source RRU+POI+ passive feeder system

Plan 2: Source RRU+ optical fiber distribution system

 

There are many mountains along the highway and railway, so some breakpoints exist in respect of wireless network coverage. Besides, due to the shielding of mountains, there are tunnel sections which are blind zones. Therefore, efforts are made to address the breakpoints and blind zones.

Solution: Source RRU+ optical fiber distribution system/ optical fiber repeater

Scenic spots are generally in remote areas, and the distance between base stations are great. There are many mountains and trees in the area, so the loss of mobile signals is serious, which will affect the use of mobile users. Addressing the wireless network in scenic spots can improve the social image of the operator and effectively absorb the great business volume arising in peak tourist season.
Plan 1: Source RRU+ optical fiber repeater+ optical fiber distribution system+ beautifying antenna
 

Plan 2: Smallcell base station+ beautifying antenna

 

The city is populated with a lot of high-rise buildings where strong shielding property leads to poor indoor calling effect and high call drop rate. Addressing network coverage in a populated community can significantly improve customer perception, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty, so as to achieve social and economic benefit.
Plan 1: Source RRU+ optical fiber distribution system
Plan 2: Source RRU+ optical fiber repeater
 
Urban Village Scenario
 
Large-scale Community
 

Urban metro is the premium transportation of people living in the city, where heavy passenger flow produces substantial traffic. Since the environment is special in the metro, there are many blind zones of mobile signal coverage, such as underground station hall, platform, connecting passage, tunnel section, etc.
Solution: Source RRU+POI+ feeder system/ leaky cable
Station hall and nearby tunnel: in long tunnel: optical fiber repeater+ leaky cable

Signal coverage over high-rise building focuses on the window. Too many signals from different paths will give rise to serious interference, so users have poor perception. This is the focus of the problem to be solved.
Plan 1: Optical fiber distribution system+ wild-angle antenna

 

Plan 2: Source RRU+ optical fiber distribution system+ beautifying antenna

As 4G is increasingly put into commercial use, 5G is approaching with more and more network types. However, redundant construction by operators leads to excessive investment. Problems become more and more prominent, such as interference, property coordination, maintenance, etc. GRENTECH develops the network coverage product that supports different communication types of operators. The co-construction and sharing integrated coverage solution can well address the problem.
Plan 1: Source RRU+ optical fiber distribution system

Scenario photos:

Exhibition Hall

Station

Plan 2: Source RRU+ passive POI system

The above figure is modified as the schematic diagram according to Plan 1.
Scenario options:
Shopping mall, hotel, office building

The quality of wireless network coverage is a critical link to the business perception of mobile users. The difference of such scenarios as buildings and terrains as well as the complexity of electromagnetic environment leads to the diversity of forms of signal coverage. Based on its own technology advantages, GRENTECH develops solutions to wireless network optimization coverage in scenarios such as indoor distribution, residential community, campus, business center, large venues, airport, station, scenic spot, metro, expressway, etc.

Scenarios such as business center, large-scale residential quarter, large venues and expressway are added or emphasized in the figure above

POI adopts ETH (RJ45) interface. At each station, POI transmits the equipment operation data to the webmaster system through 10M/100M ETH interface provided by POI via RJ45 interface by way of transmission channel, so as to complete poi equipment monitoring. For the convenience of centralized management, the webmaster transmits data into the centralized monitoring and alarm system server.
The routine operation condition of each equipment at the station is monitored and managed by the webmaster system. For system failures, an alarm can be given in time to inform relevant management personnel of this event.

The main reason for failure of handoff of the train at high speed is the blackout of original service area, when the mobile station has no enough time to complete the whole handover process.
Underground tunnel coverage relies on RF signal fed by leaky coaxial cable. So, we can use the leaky cable to fees RF signal to the point near the tunnel portal, and ensure there is some residual RF signal; then, directional panel antenna is installed at the tunnel portal to extend the signals in the underground tunnel, so as to make the outdoor signal intensity stay in smooth transition; when the train runs out of the ground, the indoor signals become increasingly weakened, while the outdoor signals become increasingly enhanced; without any blackout, call drop of the mobile station due to insufficient handover time can be avoided.
The train can run at the maximum speed of 80km/h. If we calculate based on 8s as the longest handover time of GSM, then, when the covered field intensity is higher than -80dbm, we have to ensure the length of the handover section is more than 178m and well control the power of tunnel signal to ensure smooth signal handover, so as to meet the worst requirement of handover section of the running train.
Likewise, we can analyze the handover condition when the train enters the metro tunnel. Set the parameters in network and adjust the covered intensity of each tunnel to make handover smoother. See the following figure for the tunnel entrance handover diagram:
 
Tunnel Entrance Handover Diagram

If the station hall and platform are set in different communities, there must be handover between them. Both the pedestrian’s speed and the speed of escalator are slow and the indoor signal is stable. As long as the ceiling antenna is provided near the hallway with a covered radius of 10 m to ensure that the intensive at the edge of overlapping area between the two communities is above -80dBm, continuous signal handover can be guaranteed. See the following figure for the platform and station hall handover diagram:
 
Station Hall and Platform Handover Diagram

Usually, a passenger enters the metro station through the escalator. Due to signal fading with the movement of the escalator and the crowdy people around, the intensity of mobile phone signal undergoes sharp decrease; as the signal-overlapped area (handover area) is not enough, it is easy to cause call drop.
As a mobile user enters and goes out of the station, the position coordinate and the electrical level and field intensity of station hall signal and outdoor signal will change. See the following figure:
 
Underground Station Entrance Handover Diagram
With the above energy profile for reference, we analyze the worst handover condition in and out of the metro station:
Entering the metro:
The signal intensity of metro station is the same as outdoor intensity after the escalator runs for 10s and the pedestrian advances for 2s. The speed of the escalator is usually 1m/s, so the distance covered by a pedestrian entering the metro is:
8s×1m/s= 10m
At the time of design, make sure after the pedestrian enters the station hall and covers 10 m, the electrical level at the hall entrance is above -80dBm, so as to ensure that the passenger can smoothly switches between entrances. Usually, the antenna is provided at the station entrance with the covered radius of 10m, so as to ensure the handover occurs within the station.
The handover method of a pedestrian going out of the station is the same as that of his entering that station.

The train can run at the maximum speed of 80km/h. Take GSM hard handover for example (3G soft handover and baton handover needs less time, generally 3s. Direct handover is possible between 4G base stations within 1s. The satisfaction of GSM system handover condition means full satisfaction of other systems), and the maximum handover time is 6s, plus 2s redundancy time, totally 8s; within 8s, the train covers 178m. so, when the covered intensity is higher than -85dbm, handover success can be guaranteed, as long as the length of the transit tunnel is 178m or so. In actual engineering, there may be deviation in handover distance due to the engineering conditions, but the deviation won’t be too much. See the following diagram for the transit tunnel:
 
Transit Tunnel Handover Diagram

The output power of the base station is limited, so in some long sections, RRU device is used to make up for insufficient signal power. RRU has low requirement for transmission and installation conditions, and this is its advantage. The base station signal can be led into the tunnel in a convenient and stable manner. Operators’ signal is amplified through RRU and passes through the tunnel combiner unit, connected to uplink and downlink leaky cable respectively, and completes signal coverage over the transit tunnel. See the following figure
 
Long Tunnel Coverage Diagram

After the network signals of different operators pass through POI combiner, they are output to the leaky cable for signal coverage through RF coaxial cable. The train runs very fast in the metro tunnel. The application of leaky cable for signal coverage can make signals uniform enough. As or the method of signal coverage in the tunnel with coaxial leaky cable, it is to lay leaky cable on the tunnel wall inside it and achieve signal intensity coverage with the help of leakage principle of leaky cable. The distance between receiving and sending cable is ≥460mm. See the following diagram for tunnel signal coverage:

Tunnel Coverage Diagram
In order to achieve signal coverage in the carriage with the least loss, the leaky cable shall be erected at the height parallel to the metro window. Signals pass the window for the user with slight loss. The physical distance between leaky cables is increased to improve system isolation.

Transfer Station Diagram

The transfer stations along the metro line has multiple structures, and what we commonly see is a tunnel with a shared hall and different platforms. A transfer station can provide transfer by two or more lines.
In the case of shared hall, the station hall can be covered by the signals of the existing line. For stations along the new line, a base station is provided in the computer room on the platform, so as to cover the tunnel and platform of the new line. The handover zone is set at the access staircase from the transfer station hall to the platform. The networking method for signal coverage is the same as that of common stations.

Station coverage includes station hall, platform, equipment floor, transfer passage and entrance access, covered by means of broadband full-band antenna. The RF coaxial cable applies floor-hung routing or by means of trough. In order to avoid frequency interference among different multi-band frequency and improve in-between isolation, the system applies the method of separating receiving feeder system from the sending feeder system, in-between distance≥1500mm.
Two distribution systems are applied for the station, one for uplink and one for downlink. POI output connects the downlink feeder, and the downlink signals for terminal users is connected to the uplink feeder, returned to operator base station and network. See the following diagram for the station coverage:

The smart electric motor consists of smart monitoring platform, onboard hardware device and APP client.
Monitor the vehicle position and traveling track on a real-time basis, and provide position information service; provide vehicle identification, vehicle dynamic monitoring, electronic fencing prevention, etc.; the function of virtual e-plate releases vehicle theft, traffic security, etc.

    

The smart electric motor system uses GPS/ Beidou positioning system to obtain the current longitude and latitude data of the motor with onboard positioning terminal, uploads the data to the smart motor prevention system platform through GPRS communications network, and then, based on GIS map, displays the position of the motor. The motor owner can at any time use the mobile phone APP or network platform to carry out real-time interaction with the motor, and provides such individual services as remote alarm, remote parking, positioning monitoring and tracking, traveling track query, and so on.
The system consists of two parts: Internet public service platform and public security organ watch platform. The public, through the Internet public service platform, can monitor the motor with the phone APP on a real-time basis and enjoy APP value-added service. The public security organ, through the watch platform, can achieve anti-theft and early warning in a precise manner, rapid response and timely treatment, so as to achieve dynamic prevention and control.

The smart taxi system consists of smart scheduling system, operation monitoring system, car-hailing service system and media release system. The system monitors the taxi operation status on a real-time basis, provides unlicensed taxi identification function, and ensure safe operation. Besides, it provides car service by different means such as telephone, APP, WeChat public number, etc., so as to reduce unloaded ratio and improve operation efficiency.
System Architecture
 
System Composition
The system consists of three centers and eight business systems. Three centers include monitoring and command center, on-call service center and data resource center. Eight business systems include monitoring and command center, call service management system, enterprise online management system, dynamic monitoring and check system, service quality reputation evaluation system, integrated operation analysis system, information release management system, and all-purpose card payment management system.
Monitoring Center:
 
On-call Center:
 

Data Center:

 

The smart public transportation system consists of smart scheduling system, operation monitoring system, media release system and city card system. Monitor the bus operation system on a real-time basis, achieve smart scheduling, improve bus company operation efficiency and management efficiency, improve urban bus line planning capacity, and bring convenience to citizens.
System Architecture
 
System functions
With the help of vehicle monitoring and positioning technology, wireless communication and electronic map display technology, the smart public transportation system achieves real-time monitoring on route operation vehicle, motor vehicle and emergency repair vehicle, so as to improve the ability of the scheduling and command system to master the route operation status on a real-time basis and contingency ability.
With passenger flow real-time statistics technology, carry out passenger flow real-time statistics and analysis for each station, each route and each time period, so as to provide data support for vehicle scheduling by route controllers and provide timely and accurate basis for managers’ decision.
Improve personnel quality and labor productivity, optimize personnel and post structure, and reduce management cost. Achieve the best resource allocation of vehicle ratio, drivers and managers.
E-plates along the route provide citizens with timely and accurate information about vehicle arrival, and improve the service quality of urban public transportation.
Record the information data base safely, so as to provide reliable data support for accident evaluation system and prevention system.

Smart Community Public Service Platform puts management and service as its core concept. On one hand, it uses the available grid community service management system to create a new smart community management pattern that is comprehensive, integrated and sharing. On the other hand, it puts community residents as the core and provides convenient, efficient and safe smart services, so as to fully meet the requirement of residents in food, housing, transportation, travel, shopping, entertainment, health, and so on.

Ÿ   The smart community makes full use of information technology, Internet (and Mobile Internet) technology and cloud computing technology, develops, integrates and utilizes information resources, and promotes information exchange and knowledge sharing.

Ÿ   It is not information isolated island between communities, but an interconnected community network.

Ÿ   In a smart community, smart control, smart management, smart instrument, smart home and related automation technology are widely applied.

Ÿ   The smart community uses information technology and Internet technology, considers the advantages of local service, focuses on the requirement of owners, carries out colorful community services and value-added services. In this way, owners can stay at home and enjoy convenient people-oriented service experience.

The platform is to build a better information-based city, improve governance efficiency and integrated service level of the government, and enhance satisfaction and happiness of local residents.

Through smart city top-level design, information resource integration, governance application, urban management application, smart livelihood and the like, joint efforts are made to create a palm-based life service system. By integrating government resources and diverse life services, one-stop urban life service is realized in the mobile phone; high-quality convenience resources break through space-time limit, and common people can stay at home to enjoy convenient and efficient services. By creating an urban life service platform on which the government collects and pays fees while citizens consume and make payments, so as to provide the government with more convenient information-based management and provide citizens with more convenient digital service.

With smart city APP as the carrier, create the smart city life service platform and integrate diverse smart livelihood applications, so as to make smart city “palm-based and approachable”. Open up new business pattern, and achieve sustainable operation of the platform.

Six sections of totally 27 primary services include:

Ÿ  Convenience Service: social security and provident fund query, appointment register, living payment, virtual citizen card, etc.

Ÿ   Transportation Service: bus arrival reminder, public bike site, traffic violations query, real-time traffic status, etc.

Ÿ   Government Affairs Service: government information release, Mayor's Hotline, etc.

Ÿ   Travel Service: tourism e-commerce, smart tourist spot, periphery tourism, etc.

Ÿ   Information Service: news, retailers’ promotion activities, etc.

Ÿ   Social Service: urban problem feedback, life and traveling share, etc.